Graduation Speech A Student s Grade Point Average And...

INTRODUCTION College students continuously encounter the struggle of time management through out their college experience. Overall a student’s grade point average and academic performance relies on how the student efficiently spends their time. Distractions and various activities intervene in daily academic obligations and tasks for any college student. Research has shown that only 48% of college students believe they effectively use their time wisely. (Britton, Bruce. K., Tesser, Abraham, 1991). The decision between studying, attending club events, family, work or partying has students on the edge. College students who choose to spend more time engaging in non-academic activities tend to fall behind in school academically. Undergrad†¦show more content†¦However during the second semester of the study students who maintained a suitable GPA during the first semester consumed more of their time socializing in the second semester and ultimately succeeded a higher GPA for the second semester. (Thibodeaux, J, Deutsch, A, Kitsantas, A, Winsler, A. 2016) Other obligation such as employment required to pay tuition or living expenses exhaust students’ time. Students who are committed to a job tend put not only their academic time management at risk, but also any other activity they desire to participate in. Results of this research showed 55% of college students work an average of 14 hours per week. Results of the study exhibited factors contributing to a higher GPA, students investing their time attending class and focused on academic work prophesied higher GPAs. Whereas students who spend up to 14 hours a week in employment was the main aspect that concluded in a lower GPA. (Brint Cantwell, 2010) METHODS Participants Participants used were 260 college students; specifically the survey was given to 130 men and women, and 65 students of each grade level (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior) at a public university. Instrumentation The instrument of the study consisted of ten questions, four open ended questions, four yes or noShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : College Admissions1424 Words   |  6 Pagestypical high school graduation, speeches are given by a select few, notable students. These notable students normally include the two students who earned the highest grade point averages out of all the students in their graduating class - the valedictorian and the salutatorian. Imagine a graduation, however, with no valedictorian or salutatorian speech. Imagine if there was no valedictorian or salutatorian. Imagine if there was no distinction of students academic performance during commencementRead MoreSports and Academic Achievement1494 Words   |  6 PagesStudents that participate in athletics have greater academic success than students who do not participate in athletics. Central Michigan University April 24, 2012 Abstract Many studies have been done regarding the positive impact that athletics has on a student’s life. Studies have looked at the physical impact that athletics has on a student’s life like sportsmanship, healthy lifestyle, discipline, strategy, and time management. We will be looking at studies that have explored the impactRead MoreSchool District Adminstration4672 Words   |  19 PagesCapetown High School [pic] Taking a Bite out of Education!!! Cougar ISD Capetown High School 1979 Shoreside Drive Capetown, Texas 73911 Principal- Scott Thomison Assistant Principal- Guillermo Altamirano Academic Counselor- Travis Cole Athletic Director- Mike Nelson Health Fitness- Matt Tarbutton Counselor- Emilio Luna IT- John Kenna Mascot- Sharks School Colors- Navy Blue and White Motto- Taking a Bite out of Education! Mission Statement: To provide all learners withRead Morereseach about students study habits5084 Words   |  21 Pagesour gratitude to our instructor, Ms. Jennylyn E. Mejia, for her valuable guidance and supervision. We are also grateful to Mr. Efren Gavina who helped us in the statistical analysis of this research. Our thanks go as well to the teacher-education students who had served as our respondents to make this research worthwhile. Likewise, to the PSU Faculty and Staff headed by Prof. Simeon C. Cabansag the College Dean, Dr. Gemma V. Mamaril De Vera who showed us their willingness and sound advises for theRead MoreTeacher Summary Sheet For Present Levels Of Academic Achievement2676 Words   |  11 PagesTeacher Summary Sheet for Present Ed Levels/Revaluation Report/IEP Student Name: Ethan Lopez-Torres Reporting Teacher: Walter Present Levels of Academic Achievement: Student Summary: Ethan is a 9th grade student diagnosed with Autism that attends Fairland, a center-based emotional support program operated by IU13.Ethan’s home district is School District of Lancaster. Ethan receives full time special education services with adapted and modified curriculum in reading, writing, math, scienceRead MoreGender Gap2092 Words   |  9 Pageshold women to different standards than their male counterparts in the workplace. Shelley Rider, current president of Interloop North America, commented, â€Å"as some large, traditional corporations have fewer, bigger jobs in top management available, it s harder for everyone to advance. This is especially true for women and minorities, who are often expected to have demonstrated that they have fully mastered a new role prior to being promoted, versus their white male colleagues who may be given ‘stretchRead MoreGrade 12 National Assessment Of Educational Progress6761 Words   |  28 Pagesnational, s tate, and local dropout and graduation rates are published, it is difficult to deny that U.S. middle and high school students are in need of special literacy and/or mathematics supports to reverse the current trends. In 2003, a commission established by the National Assessment Governing Board (Governing Board) to review and make suggestions about indicators of academic preparedness for postsecondary education and training recommended the use of the grade 12 National Assessment of EducationalRead MoreSample Psychological Report4359 Words   |  18 Pageswhen he was first admitted to college. The KAT was the tool used by USC for their entrance examinations. The  Kuhlmann–Anderson Test (KAT)  measures academic potential by assessing cognitive skills related to the learning process which was developed by Dr. Frederick Kuhlmann and Dr. Rose G. Anderson that has seven levels which range from Kindergarten to Grade 12 and has an administration time from 50 to 75 minutes. Eight separate subtests are administered to each seven levels of the KAT to assess a broadRead MoreCase Study for Autism13506 Words   |  55 PagesTeaching Strategies for a Student with Asperger’s in the General Educational Classroom Elizabeth Addington Durgin George Mason University Abstract At a training session in Loudoun County Public Schools (LCPS) on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), statistics were shared of the number of students in the school system with an ASD diagnosis. It has become the third most common childhood illness. In the LCPS 10.6% of Individualized Education Programs (IEP) are dedicated to students with Autism (BuswellRead MoreFactors Affecting English Achievement of First Year Students of Compra National High School8674 Words   |  35 Pageswork. A continuous down trend in the quality of education and academic achievement of the students in all levels, especially the secondary school students has been keenly observed in recent years. Many studies showed that the secondary graduates failed to come up to what they were expected to accomplish within their 4-years of schooling. Many sectors are alarmed by the low performance of the graduates. This low performance is attributed to many factors (EDCOM, 1991). Past researches classified

Four Stages of Change Free Essays

The first act of change is denial. For most people in this stage, change is not easy to accept, and they react to it with a sense of denial or inability to see a problem. People in this stage do not believe that change is happening realistically. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Stages of Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now To avoid showing denial, people try to focus their attention on other things. In Jamie Oliver’s episodes, the citizens of Huntington focused their attention on things, such as, the amount of money it costs to buy healthier food and how much more time it would take to prepare it. The lunch ladies were very close-minded and seemed to always have an argument of denial against what Jamie was trying to preach to them. At one point in an episode, the head lunch lady even stated, â€Å"why fix something that isn’t broken. † But, the reality is, that the food and overweight issues in the small town of Huntington is an issue. They just do not want to come to terms with facing it. Change is often interpreted as foreign and uncertain feelings, so people shift their attention to past customs and what makes them feel secure. Jamie’s role in this stage is to help the people of Huntington understand what is happening and how it affects them. The second act of change is resistance. People begin to resist change when they realize that the change is taking place whether they want it to or not. Feelings of anger, doubt, fear, and anxiety begin to develop, which can hinder the process of change. In Jamie Oliver’s episodes, the lunch ladies of the elementary school exemplified a great deal of resistance in the change Jamie was trying to put forth. They constantly spoke about how they didn’t think that what Jamie was doing would work, and constantly complained about the new roles and strategies outlined for them. These things happen because people get pushed out of their comfort zone, and arguments and non-cooperation are ways in which team members show their resistance to change. In this stage, Jamie lends an ear to the team members concerns surrounding the change, and tries to encourage them that everything will work out. The third stage of change is consideration. Here, team members give up on arguments and begin to become a â€Å"team player. † People start acting and learning the new ways to contribute towards the changing process. They understand the rationality of the change, and how they are an important aspect in making that change happen. Rhonda began to consider the change process when she saw how the young children reacted to the healthier food that Jamie provided for them. She gave Jamie more time to allow his process to take place. Also, the parents started â€Å"jumping on board† when they watched the demonstration that Jamie put on for them about what their kids are really eating, and how much nutrition they are really getting. People in this stage begin to start contributing towards the change to find out what is really in store for them. Jamie does a great job of helping the team members participate actively and providing them with the knowledge and training that will make them more comfortable in their new roles. The final stage of change is acceptance. In this stage, productivity and emotions are completely restored. Members of the change process begin to accept their new roles and begin to settle in, as they gain more control in whats happening. An example of this taking place is when the high school lunch ladies committed to cooking the food from scratch, as they gave their support to Jamie’s cause. Jamie rewards and acknowledges the ladies for their dedication and contributions as he continues to motivate them to stay committed. It is going through this final stage of change that allows the process to actually take place within itself. How to cite Four Stages of Change, Essay examples

Dramatically uninteresting Essay Example For Students

Dramatically uninteresting Essay This is the first half of the speech, in which Kate seems to be showing her obedience. (Maybe as a result of the subjugation the audience must make up their own mind) I thought that the RSC version of the final scene was fantastic, as it wasnt taken, as seriously as Zefirellis version, and I felt there was less tension. Kate appears to be willing to place her hand under her husbands foot, but it is never actually seen. Another major event that happened in the RSC version, and not in the Zefirelli interpretation, was that Kate and Petruchio kissed passionately. The kiss that took place on stage was an amazing pause and reflection at the real relationship of these two characters. This unexpected turn of event, I thought reshaped the meaning of the final scene. Kates refusal to kiss in Zefirellis version, I thought really stuck out as a symbol of her relationship to Zefirellis Petruchio. I think that Shakespeares lexis in this scene was fantastic. Although rather sexist, I thought that And for thy maintenance commits his body, to painful labour, both by sea and land and contrasted by whilst thou liest warm at home, secure and safe is excellent imagery. I really felt the warmth on stage, and I though that the love, fair looks, and true obedience which, according to Kate is what a man deserves, is rather humorous, seeings how men seem to crave no other tribute at thy hands. The use of three that Shakespeare wrote, helps the audience to sum up what Kate thinks of men. This in itself is comical, as initially, Kate saw men to be moveables and asses , and deems the man she has wed more specifically as a mad cap ruffian and a swearing Jack . Now, she seems to be calling him her lord, king, governor, and her lord, life, keeper. She even calls him a sovereign. I can only presume these words to be true in the RSC production, as the insensitive, mean, and egotistical Petruchio in Zefirellis version, does not deserve such adoration and respect. I therefore also think that Kate is a lot less shrewish in the RSC production, as we can empathise, feel happy for, and even begin to relate some of her life experiences to our own. Altogether, I think that the RSC version is better because as a play version, the director can adapt its theme, underlying subtext, and issues surrounding both of these, to the current trends, ways of thinking, and so on. I think this is also why I was more dramatically interested in the RSC version. I think Zefirellis version shocked me because of the way Petruchios character was made to be so ghastly. I got the impression that Petruchio was a misogynist in this version, and in the text. In the RSC version, however, I did not see this side of Petruchio. From what I read prior to seeing Gregory Dorans RSC version, I saw that critics widely deemed Petruchio and Shakespeare to be misogynists. However, upon seeing the RSC version, and a review from the Mail on Sunday from May 11, 2003 by Georgina Brown, Dorans Petruchio could be quite rightly described as a kind, sensitive and funny man not the usual characteristics of your everyday misogynist. Petruchio changed my view of the play immediately when I witnessed the breathtakingly upsetting scene of when he places a painting of his late father by the fire and weeps. This man is not a woman-hating self-centred, egotistical ruffian but a sensitive, kind man who is quite rightly mourning the death of his father. Although he went to wive it wealthily in Padua; if wealthily, then happily in Padua I think he went to Padua to find someone to grow old with. Shakespeares words can be twisted slightly. Instead of the self-assured Petruchio from Zefirellis version, where he doesnt care what his wife is like, as long as she is rich, Dorans Petruchio could be looking for someone anyone just someone he can spend his life with. Because his father had died, he packed up in Verona, and moved to Padua, to his old friend Hortensio. This move could symbolise the physical distance, as well as emotional distance of Petruchio from old Verona . The word old could emphasise this distance. .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .postImageUrl , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:hover , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:visited , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:active { border:0!important; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:active , .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8 .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e48fa30ec9bee52804ea8d7fab43cd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The end novel EssayPathetic fallacy is used in the text, Zefirelli, and RSC versions. Special effects like these help to create the ambience of the scene, and characters thought and feelings. For example in the RSC version, it starts snowing when Petruchio denies Kate her food, this snow could represent the emotional coldness Kate is feeling in her heart. This is an excellent way of communicating ambience. In written text, it is much harder to create an effective ambience using special effects. This is why I thought that the Zefirelli and RSC versions were more dramatically interesting. The latter, I thought was better. Although it didnt have the advantages of using editing technology or different camera shots, I thought that the real fire in the home of Petruchio and Kate especially, was extremely effective I could feel the warmth of the scene, even though I was in a circle seat! Shakespeare overcame these problems by using language and action to help the ambience. The delivery of lines, presentation of the character and the tone, speed and pitch of the delivery, advance this sense of building atmosphere. Although deemed a play which is meagrely written and one that deals with the squashing of a humans high spirits, according to Susannah Clapp of the Observer, I agree most definitely with Ms. Brown of the Mail on Sunday, when she writes that the RSC Taming of the Shrew was an emotionally intelligent reappraisal, and one that has made sense of this most problematic of plays. I agree whole heartedly, because the RSC production, to me, was a more emotionally gripping version. I refer back to the first kiss we see between Petruchio and Kate, when the silence around them made it incredibly romantic. It seemed like all the focus was meant to be on them. This slight twist on Zefirellis version, sealed my preference in the modern remake. I personally do think that the play us still dramatically interesting even after al these years and even though womens position in society has changed so much. I think this also, because if there is no life in the play, then how come there have been some sequels, and alternative interpretations written? Some of these include Kiss Me Kate, the Cole Porter musical, and The Tamer Tamed, a sequel to The Taming of the Shrew written by John Fletcher. Most recently, the rather more juvenile approach was successfully attempted in Ten Things I Hate About You, the Hollywood box-office hit. In my opinion, these adaptations and alternative interpretations would not have been made if the initial play is now so dramatically uninteresting.

Seed priming technique Essay Example

Seed priming technique Paper Abstraction Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partly hydrated to a point where sprouting processes begin but extremist outgrowth does non happen. Priming can be found effectual both for leguminous plants and grain harvests. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soakage ( hydropriming ) , osmo-conditioning ( soaking of seeds in aerated, low-water-potential solutions ) utilizing, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate KH2PO4, Mannitol, Polyethylene ethanediol ( PEG ) , sodium molybdate ( Na2MO4.2H2O ) and hormonal priming by utilizing salicylic acid ( SA ) . The scopes of osmotic potency for all the priming interventions were -0.5 to -1.2 M Pa. All the animation interventions significantly affected works energy, biomass, root, shoot length and nodulation. Osmopriming utilizing P @ 0.60 % applied in the signifier of KH2PO4 significantly improved seed energy in footings of average outgrowth clip ( 5.52 to 4.51 yearss ) , concluding sprouting per centum ( 74 to 89 % ) root and shoot length and nodulation ( 0 to 4 nodules seedling-1 ) followed by Osmitrol priming ( Mannitol @ 2 % ) . Overall all the seed priming techniques significantly improved the energy of mungbean seedlings as comparison to command. The usage of polythene ethanediol is expensive and gave similar consequences as for dry seeding so it should be replaced by hydropriming in farther experiments. It is recommended that nutrient-priming and osmopriming can be used as effectual tool for animation of mungbean seeds, for better growing and seedling constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cardinal words: Osmo-priming, hydropriming, Vigna radiata, seedling energy, nodulation Introduction Seed priming is a pattern by which seeds are partly hydrated to a point where sprouting processes begin but extremist outgrowth does non happen ( Harris et al. , 2000 ) . Seed priming can be found effectual for legumes i.e. , outputs of Mungbean and Chickpea were increased well by priming seeds for 8 H before seeding ( Harris et al. , 1999 ; Musa et al. , 2001 ; Rashid et al. , 2004 ) . Mungbean ( Vigna radiata ( L. ) Wilczek ) is grown on over 200,000 hour angle with production of more than 100,000 T under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Pakistan. Outputs for the rainfed country are by and large low and variable due to sparse, fickle rainfall and fringy dirts. Mungbean production in Punjab Province is dependent chiefly on surface irrigation but it is besides grown under rain fed conditions. In the Southern part of Pakistan rainfall is bare and mungbean is grown with surface irrigation merely. Poor harvest constitution is a major restraint for mungbean production ( Naseem et. al. , 1997 ; Rahmianna et al. , 2000 ) and high outputs can be associated with early energy ( Kumar et al. , 1989 ) . Improved seed animation techniques are being used to cut down the sprouting clip, to acquire synchronised sprouting, better sprouting rate, and better seedling base in many horticultural ( Bradford et al. 1990 ; Rudrapal and Nakamura 1998 ) and field harvests like wheat, corn ( Aquilla and Tritto 1991 ; Basra et Al. 2002 ) and more late rice ( Farooq et al. 2004 ) . These animation techniques include hydropriming, osmoconditioning ( Basra et al. 2005 ) , osmohardening ( Farooq et al. 2006 ) and indurating ( Farooq et al. 2004 ) . These interventions can besides be employed for earlier and better babys room base constitution ( Lee et al. 1998 ) . This survey was initiated to research the effects of aerated hydration, hormonal priming ( salicylic acid ) , alimentary priming ( Phosphorous and molybdenum burden ) and osmo-conditioning on mungbean ( vigna radiata ) seed energy under green house conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed stuff Seeds of mungbean cultivar Chakwal Mung-97 ( CH-MUNG 97 ) were obtained from Barani Agricultural Research Institute ( BARI ) , Chakwal. The seeds were sterilized by utilizing 30 % hypochlorite for five proceedingss and so washed three times with distilled H2O. Seed Treatments The following seed priming interventions were applied Food priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of phosphoric ( P @ 0.60 A ; 1.20 % ) and molybdate ( Mo @ 0.02 A ; 0.04 % ) . The beginnings for phosphoric and Mo were potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( KH2PO4 ) and sodium molybdate ( Na2MoO4.2H2O ) , severally. Osmopriming The seeds were soaked in aerated solutions of Osmitrol ( mannitol @ 2 % A ; 4 % ) and polyethylene glycole ( Polyethylene glycol @ 5 % A ; 10 % ) . Hormonal priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of salicylic acid ( SA @ 10 A ; 20 ppm ) Post intervention operations After seed treatments the seeds were given surface rinsing three times by distilled H2O. Aeration was besides applied by pump. Air dried dirt was placed in 10-cm tall plastic pots with 6-cm diameter. The dirt used in the pot experiment was flaxen loam holding pH of 7.9. Dirt was made crumbly by rubing the surface with a two centimeter broad table fork to a deepness of 1-cm of moist dirt. The seeds were besides inoculated before seeding. Ten Numberss of seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to six workss per pot. Similar sum of H2O applied in regular intervals to all pots under survey. The workss were harvested 21 yearss after seeding ( DAS ) , and seedlings root/shoot length were taken. The seedlings were dried at 75 oC for 48 hours and the dry affair was eventually determined. The complete randomized design ( CRD ) was used in pot experiment. Analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) was used to compare intervention agencies. Consequence The information showed that different seed priming interventions had important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence on average outgrowth clip ( MET ) . The average outgrowth clip decreased with the application of seed priming interventions. Maximal average outgrowth clip ( 5.52 yearss ) observed in T1 ( control ) where dry untreated seeds were sown. Minimum ( 4.51 yearss ) MET was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.06 % applied in the signifier of KH2PO4 ) . All the interventions resulted in lower MET as comparison to command ( 5.52 yearss ) . The information besides revealed similar tendency with regard to fifty per centum ( E50 ) seeds to emerge as of MET. The lowest E50 was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) . There was important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence of different seed priming techniques on dry weight of 21 yearss old seedlings ( Fig 1 ) . The maximal fresh and dry weight was obtained in T5. All the priming interventions increased the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings except T2 and T12. Equally far as concluding sprouting is concerned maximal sprouting was achieved in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) . The lowest sprouting per centum was observed in T11 and T12 where polythene ethanediol was applied at the rate of five ( 5 ) and ten ( 10 ) per centum ( Table 1 ) . There was important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence of different seed priming techniques on nodule formation and figure of 21 yearss old seedlings ( Fig 1 ) . All the priming techniques significantly increased the nodulation of seedlings as comparison to command except T10 and T12. Maximum nodule figure was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) followed by T3 ( Mo @ 0.02 % ) . The information besides depicts that T9 and T11 are at par and T1, T10 and T12 gave similar consequences. The information depicts that seed priming had important impact on the root every bit good as shoot length, 21 yearss after seeding ( DAS ) . All the priming interventions significantly increased the root every bit good as shoot length of seedlings. The information revealed that T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) and T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) gave the best consequences. The lowest root length ( 4.56 centimeter ) was observed in control. T4 ( Mo @ 0.04 % ) showed lower root length than T2 and T3 ( Mo @ 0.02 % ) and higher from control. Treatment T6 ( P @ 1.2 % ) showed lower root length than T5 ( P @ 0.06 % ) and at par with T1 and T4. Hormonal priming utilizing salicylic acid ( SA @ 20 ppm ) besides showed lower root length than T7 ( SA @ 10 ppm ) and at par with T4 and T6. The information besides showed that T10 ( mannitol @ 4 % ) is lower than T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) and at par with T7. The information besides depicts that T12 ( PEG @ 10 % ) showed lower root length as comparison to T11 ( PEG @ 5 % ) whic h showed besides higher root length than all other interventions except T2 and T9 ( Figure 1 ) . Maximal shoot length observed in the T5 ( P @ 0.06 % ) followed by T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) . The information besides depicts the shortest shoot length was observed in the control. The information besides revealed that T4 resulted in lower shoot length than T3 and T2. It is besides apparent that T6 is lower than T5 and at par with T3 and T2 ( Figure 1 ) . T8 showed higher shoot length than T7 and at par with T2, T3 and T6. Treatments T9 and T10 and T11, T12 besides showed similar consequences. Discussion Earlier and more unvarying sprouting and outgrowth was observed in fit seeds as indicated by lower MET and E50, higher sprouting per centum and root and shoot dry weight ( tables 1 ) . Lesser MET and E50 specify the earlier and rapid sprouting. These findings support the anterior work on canola ( Brassica compestris ) ( Zheng et al. , 1994 ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ( Nayyar et al. , 1995 ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) ( Lee and Kim 2000 ; Basra et al. , 2003 ) who described improved sprouting rate and per centum in seeds subjected to hydropriming and seed hardening for 24 H. This survey revealed that osmo, food and hormonal priming could inspire mungbean seeds. One of the grounds for reduced MET is that during pre-sowing seed treatments the quiescence of the seed is broken and the seed bio-chemical procedures commences, which lead to faster sprouting and outgrowth ( Farooq et al. , 2006 ) . Seed priming ensured the proper hydration, which resulted in enhanced activity of a-amylase that hydrolyzed the macro amylum molecules in to smaller and simple sugars. The handiness of instant nutrient to the shooting seed gave a vigorous start as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds ( Farooq et al.,2006 ) during priming de novo synthesis of a-amylase is besides documented ( Lee and Kim, 2000 ) . Early outgrowth as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds may be due to the faster production of sprouting metabolites ( Saha et al. 1990 ; Lee A ; Kim 2000 ; Basra et Al. 2005 ) and better familial fix, i.e. earlier and faster synthesis of DNA, RNA and p roteins ( Bray et al. 1989 ) . Gray and Steckel ( 1983 ) besides concluded that priming increased embryo length, which resulted in early induction of sprouting in carrot seeds. The increased shoot and root length in fit workss can be due to metabolic fix of harm during intervention and that alteration in sprouting events i.e. , alterations in enzyme concentration and formation and decrease of slowdown clip between imbibition and radicle outgrowth ( Bradford et al. , 1990 ) . Treated seeds had stronger embryos that were able to more easy emerge from seeds ( Harris et al. , 2005 ) . These consequences are besides in line with the findings of Sekiya et Al. ( 2009 ) who reported enhanced root and shoot length of seedlings obtained from P enriched seeds. To lend to works growing and development seed priming has been widely reported technique ( Harris et al. , 2005 ) . Ajouri et Al. ( 2004 ) reported a stimulation of P and Zn uptake, every bit good as an improved sprouting and seedling growing in barley after soaking seeds in H2O and in solutions incorporating 5-500 millimeter P. It has been besides reported fresh seeds had higher energy degrees ( Ruan et al. 2002 ) , which resulted in earlier start of outgrowth as high energies seed tonss performed better than low vigour 1s ( Hampton and Tekrony 1995 ) . Yamauchi and Winn ( 1996 ) besides reported positive correlativity between seed energies and field public presentation in rice. Earlier, Zheng et Al. ( 2002 ) reported earlier and unvarying outgrowth in rice seeds osmoprimed with KCl and CaCl2 and assorted salts under afloat conditions. Hydropriming improved the early and vigorous harvest constitution in corn ( Nagar et al. 1998 ) and Helichrysum bracteatum L. ( Grzesik A ; Nowak 1998 ) . However, other surveies resulted in hapless outgrowth from hydroprimed Kentucky blue grass seeds under field conditions ( Pill A ; Necker 2001 ) . However Nascimento and West ( 1999 ) reported early sprouting of fit seeds but non recorded any betterment in the growing of seedlings in sweet melon seeds under research lab conditions. Confusing consequences, where priming did non demo any good consequences, besides reported by different research workers ( Mwale et al. , 2003 ; Giri and Schillinger, 2003 ) . The addition of nodulation, seedling energy and tolerance to emphasiss may depend on assorted factors happening during priming intervention. One hypothesis is that benefits of priming can be due to metabolic fix of harm during intervention and that alteration in sprouting events i.e. , alterations in enzyme concentration and formation and reduces lag clip between imbibition and radicle outgrowth ( Bradford et al. , 1990 ) . One of the possible grounds for early nodule formation may be due to enhanced activity of a-amylase and sucrose synthase in primed seeds which may ease works growing and energy ( Lee and Kim, 2000 ) . From the present survey it may be concluded that seed priming may heighten the seedling energy of mungbean. Nutrient priming utilizing phosphoric and osmopriming with Osmitrols were the most efficient priming interventions in this survey. In farther research work biochemical footing for the enhanced phenology of mungbean may be evaluated. Mentions Aquilla D. A. , V. Tritto. 1991. Germination and biochemical activities in wheat seeds following delayed harvest home, ageing and osmotic priming. Seed Sci.Tech.19:73 82. Anonymous.2009. Agriculture statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Economic wing, Islamabad. Pp. 46-47. Association of Official Seed Analysis ( AOSA ) . 1998. Rules for proving seeds. J. Seed Tec.12:1-112. Association of Official Seed Analysis ( AOSA ) .1983.Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Barber, S. A. 1995. Soil alimentary bioavailability, 2nd edn. Willey, New York Basra, S. M. A. , M. Farooq, K. Hafeez and N. Ahmad. 2004. Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed animation. Int. Rice Res.Notes.29:80 81. Basra SMA, Farooq M, Tabassum R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33:623 628. Basra S. M. A. , M. N. Zia, T. Mehmood, I. Afzal, A. Khaliq.2002. Comparison of different animation techniques in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds. Pak. J Arid Agric.5:11 16. Basra, S. M A. , Farooq, M. and Tabassum, R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33:623-628. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. and Khaliq, A.2003.Comparative survey of pre-sowing seed sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci.1:5-9. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. , Hafeez, K and Ahmed, N.2004.Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed animation. Inter. Rice Res.Notes.27:74-75. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. , Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33: 623-628. Basra, S.M.A. , M. Farooq and A. Khaliq. 2003.Comparative survey of pre-sowing seed sweetening interventions in indica rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Pakistan J. Life Soc.Sci.1: 5-9. Basra, S.M.A. , Zia, M.N. , Mehmood, T. , Afzal, I. and Khaliq, A.2002.Comparision of different animation techniques in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds. Pak. J. Arid Agri.5:11-16. Bose, B. and Mishra, T. 1992. Response of wheat seed to pre-sowing seed interventions with Mg ( NO3 ) . Annals.Agri.Res.13:132-136. Bradford KJ, Steiner JJ, Trawatha SE.1990. Seed priming influence on sprouting and outgrowth of pepper seed tonss. Crop Sci.30:718 721. Bradford, K.J. , 1990. A H2O dealingss analysis of the seed sprouting rates. Plant Physiol.94:840-849. Bray C.M. , P.A. Davison, M. Ashraf, R.M. Taylor, Biochemical alterations during osmopriming of leek seeds, Ann.Bot.Lond.63:185-193. Bray, C.M. , Davison, P.A. , Ashraf, M. , Taylor, R.M. 1989. Biochemical alterations during osmopriming of leek seeds. Annalss Bot.36:185-193. Chojnowski M. , F. Corbineau, D. C A ; ocirc ; me, Physiological and biochemical alterations induced in helianthus seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and ripening, Seed Sci.Res.7:323-331. Coolbear, P. , Francis, A. , Grierson, D.1984.The consequence of low temperature pre-sowing intervention under the sprouting public presentation and membrane unity of unnaturally aged tomato seeds. J.Exp.Bot.35:1609-1617. Rudrapal, D. , S. Nakamura, The consequence of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on aubergine and radish seed viability and energy. Seed Sci.Tech.16:123-130. Dahal, P. , Bradford, K.J. , 1990. Effectss of priming and endosperm unity on seed sprouting Das, J. C. , and A. K. Choudhury. 1996. Consequence of seed hardening, K fertiliser, and paraquat as anti-transpirant on rainfed wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) . Indian J. Agron. 41:397-400. Duman, I. 2006. Effectss of seed priming with PEG or K3PO4 on Germination and Seedling Growth in Lettuce. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 9 ( 5 ) : 923-928 Ellis, R.A. and E.H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of ageing and endurance in Orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. and Technol. 9: 373-409 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2006. Integration of pre-sowing soakage, chilling and heatingtreatments for energy sweetening in rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.34:499 506. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Ahmad N. 2005. Thermal hardening: A new seed energy enhancement tool in rice. J.Integ.PlantBio.47:87 193. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Warriach EA. 2004. The influence of high and low temperature interventions on the seed sprouting and seedling energy of coarse and all right rice. Int.RiceRes.Notes.29:69 71. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K. 2006. Seed animation by osmohardening in all right and harsh rice. Seed Sci.Tech.34:181 187. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Karim HA, Afzal I. 2004. Optimization of seed indurating techniques for rice seed animation. Emir.J.Agric.Sci.16:48 57. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Hafeez, K and Ahmad, N. 2005.Thermal hardening: a new seed energy enhancement tool in rice. Ac.Bot.Sin.47:187-193. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Hafeez, K and Warriach, E.A. 2004.The influence of high and low temperature interventions on the seed sprouting and seedling energy of coarse and all right rice. Inter. Rice Res.29:69-71. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2006. Evaluation of seed vigour sweetening techniques on physiological and biochemical footing in harsh rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) Seed Sci.Tech.34:741-750. Farooq, M. , S.M. A. Basra and R.Tabassum.2006. Enhancing the public presentation of direct seeded all right rice by seed priming. Plant Prod. Sci.4: 446-456. Fu, J.R. , X.H. Lu, R.Z. Chen, B.Z. Zhang, Z.S. Liu, Z.S. Li, et al. , Osmoconditioning of peanut ( Arachis hypogen L. ) seeds with PEG to better energy and some biochemical activities. Seed Sci.Tech.16:197-212. Giri, G. S and W. F. Schillinger, 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for sprouting, outgrowth and output. Crop Sci. , 43: 2135-2141 Grandi, T.M. , G. J. Marinho, D. A. Lopes, and A. P. Araujo, 1999. Consequence of seed phosphoric concentration on nodulation and growing of three common bean cultivars. J. Plant Nut. 22: 1599-1611. Grzesik M, Nowak J. 1998. Effectss of matriconditioning and hydropriming on Helichrysum bracteatum L. seed sprouting, seedling outgrowth and emphasis tolerance. Seed Sci Technol 26: 363 376. Hampton, J. G. and D. M. Tekrony. 1995. Handbook of ISTA vigour trial methods. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Zurich: ISTA. 10. Jeng TL, Sung JM. 1994. Hydration consequence on lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzyme activity of unnaturally aged peanut seeds. Seed Sci Techn. 22: 531 539 Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, deepness and day of the month of seeding on the outgrowth and early growing of Sorghum bicolor ( L. ) Moench in semi-arid Botswana. Harris, D. 2002. On-farm seed priming for better harvests in fringy countries of developing Soil Tillage Res. 40:73-88. Harris, D. , Joshi, A. , Khan, P. A. , Gothkar, P. and Sodhi, P. S. 1999. On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agribusiness: development and rating in corn, rice and garbanzo in India utilizing participatory methods. Experi.Agri.35:15-29. Harris, D. , Raghuwanshi, B. S. , Gangwar, J. S. , Singh, S. C. , Joshi, K. D. , Rashid, A. and Hollington, P. A. 2001. Participatory rating by husbandmans of on-farm seed priming in wheat in India, Nepal and Pakistan. Experi.Agri.37:403-415. Harris, D. , Rashid, A. , Hollington, P. A. , Jasi, L. and Riches, C. 2002. Prospects of bettering maize outputs with on-farm seed priming. Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal : Proceedings of a Maize Symposium 2001, 180-185, ( Eds Rajbhandari, N. P. , Ransom, J. K. , Adikhari, K. and Palmer, A. F. E. ) Kathmandu, Nepal. Kathmandu: Harris, D. , Tripathi, R. S. and Joshi, A. 2000. On-farm seed priming to better cropestablishment and output in direct-seeded rice. In IRRI: International Workshop on Dry-seeded Rice Technology, Bangkok, 25-28 January 2000. The International Rice Institute, Manila, The Philippines, 164 pp. Harris, D. , Tripathi, R. S. and Joshi, A.2002. On-farm seed priming to better harvest constitution and output in dry direct-seeded rice. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Direct Seeding in Asian Rice Systems: Strategic Research Issues and Opportunities, January Hisashi, K.N and A.M. Francisco.2005.Effects of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone on the sprouting and a-amylase activity in boodle seeds. J. Plant Physiol.162: 1304-1307. Islam, A.K.M.A. , N. Anuar and Z. Yaakob, 2009. Consequence of genotypes and pre-sowing interventions on seed sprouting behaviour of Jatropha. Asiatic J. Plant Sci. 8: 433-439. Kaur, S. A. K. Gupta and N. Kaur. 2005. Seed Priming Increases Crop Yield Possibly by Modulating Enzymes of Sucrose Metabolism in Chickpea. J. Agronomy A ; Crop Science 191, 81-87 Kumar, R. , Tyagi, C. S. and Ram, C. 1989. Association of research lab seed parametric quantities with field public presentation in mungbean. Seeds Farms.15:33-36. Lee SY, Lee JH, Hong SB, Yun SH. 1998. Consequence of humidification and indurating intervention on seed sprouting of rice. Kore.J.CropSci.43:157 160. Lee, S.S. and Kim, J.H. 1999. Morphologic alteration, sugar content, a-amylase activity of rice seeds under assorted priming conditions. Kore.J.CropSci.44:138-142. Lee, S.S. and Kim, J.H. 2000. Entire sugars, a-amylase activity and sprouting after priming of normal and elderly rice seeds. Kore.J.CropSci.45:108-111. Lee, S.S. , Kim, J.H. Hong, S.B. and Yun, S.H. 1998. Effect pf humidification and indurating intervention on seed sprouting of rice. Kore.J.CropSci.43:157-160. McDonald M.B. 1999. Seed priming, in: M. Black, J.D. Bewley ( Eds. ) , Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK. 287-325. McDonald, M.B. 2000.Seed priming. In: Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis ( explosive detection systems. M. Black and J.D. Bewley ) , Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield, England. pp. 287-326. Musa, A. M. , D. Harris, C. Johansen and J. Kumar. 2001. Short continuance garbanzo to replace fellow after AMAN rice: The function of on-farm seed priming in the high barind piece of land of Bangladesh. Expl Agric. 37: 509-521. M. Black and J.D. Bewley ( explosive detection systems. ) Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield, England. McDonald M.B. 1999. Seed priming, in: M. Black, J.D. Bewley ( Eds. ) , Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK. 287-325. Mwale, S.S. , Hamusimbi and K. Mwansa, 2003. Germination, outgrowth and growing of helianthus ( Helianthus annus L. ) in response to osmotic seed priming. Seed Sci. Technol. , 31: 199-206. Nagar R. P. , M. Dadlani and S. P. Sharma. 1998. Consequence of hydropriming on field outgrowth and harvest growing of corn genotypes. Seed Sci Res 26: 1 5. Nayyar, H. , D. P. Walia and B. L. Kaishta.1995. Performance of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds primed with growing regulators and inorganic salts. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 65: 112-116, Nascimento, W. M. ansd S. H. West, 1999. Muskmelon transplant production in response to seed priming. Hort.Tech.9:53-55. Naseem, S. B. , Khan, A. H. , Islam, M. , Mollah, U. and Ali, M. A. 1997. Consequence of seeding methods and changing surface dirt wet on the base constitution of mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. ) . Bang. J.Scienti.Indus.Res.32:295-301. Nerson, H. and Govers, A. 1986. Salt priming of sweet melon seeds for low temperature germination.Scien.Hort.28:85-91. Peopless, M. B. , D. F. Herridge and J. K. Ladha. 1995. Biological N arrested development. An efficient beginning of N for sustainable agricultural production. Plant and Soil. 174: 3-28. Pill, W. G. and A. D. Necker. 2001. The effects of seed interventions on sprouting and constitution of Kentucky blue grass ( Poa pratensis L. ) . Seed Sci Technol 29: 65 72. Pill, W.G. 1995. Low H2O potency and pre-sowing sprouting interventions to better seed quality. In: A.S. Basra ( ed. ) . Seed quality. Food Products Press, Binghampton, N.Y. , p. 319-359 Ruan, S. , Xue Q and Tylkowska R. 2002. Effectss of seed priming on sprouting and wellness of rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) seeds. Seed Sci Technol 30: 451 458. Rahmianna, A.A. , T. Adisarwanto, G. Kirchhof and H.B. So. 2000. Crop constitution of leguminous plants in rain fed lowland rice-based cropping system. Soil Tillage Res.56: 67-82. Rashid, A. , Harris, D. , P. Hollington and Ali, S. 2004. On-farm seed priming reduces yield losingss of mungbean ( Vigna indiata ) associated with mungbean xanthous mosaic virus in NWFP of Pakistan. Crop protect. 23: 1119-1124. Rudrapal D, Nakamura S. 1998. 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beasts submissive to society essays

beasts submissive to society essays Over the years there have been thousands of interpretations of Beauty and the Beast. From the first to the most recent there have been a lot of changes from story to story. From Shrek to Shallow Hal Beauty and the beast is everywhere in movies books and TV in our society. Over time the Beasts role has become a little bit less stereotypical depending on the stories. The issue of the Beast and the way that Zipes looks at him as stereotypical man who expects women to conform to him and be submissive today is becoming more far off in some of the newer versions. Today in the stories such as Shrek the Beast never expects the Beauty to love him and be submissive he just tries to get her to like him. Today in our society if we use a more stereotypical Beast in a fairy tale parents might object to the idea that there daughter gets the notion of having to give in to the men in her life. On the other side of things there are some stories that have come out that have had a very stereotypical Beast that have been excepted in our society. Disneys Beauty in the Beast represents men in a way that might even be more stereotypical then the past. They have the father character who gets into his own trouble which Beauty saves him from. They have the character Gaston who is supposed to be the envy of all the women because he is handsome and a good athlete. Finally they have the Beast who couldnt be anymore Beastly. He is a large hairy mean and ugly character who expects the Beauty to love him. This story suggests that the Beauty should be submissive to the Beast and her father and should do everything for men. The biggest way to see the change is in stories like Shallow Hal where the Beast and the Beauty are hard to find. Is the Beast the fat girl with a good heart or the guys who expects to get a supermodel when he himself is not even close to being one. With stories like this coming out it is ...

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#2 - Essay Example Lapham in this article have been successful narrating the unpredictable and inconsistent ideologies of political party. ( Thesis) The author has been highly creative in laying down his debates on a democratic party which was abandoning their so called liberalistic attitude. The author has been right in blaming the liberals for their waning movement. They did not live up to their ideal value but waivered at the time when people demanded their support. The article has provided many detailed political events which give a credible validity to the arguments stated by the author. The author was showing the fear of people who were expecting a wave of crime and a rise of violence. The entire activities of liberals during the middle of 2oth century has made the article a fact based article. As per (Graham,2008 ) â€Å" The American obsession with self and self-promotion—Lapham had a field day when Francis Fukuyama declared â€Å"the end of history†Ã¢â‚¬â€is one of the reasons Lapham says he’s not more popular in the op-ed columns or the talk show circuit†. The article is a glimpse of the death of the democratic values of a party on which a nation had great hopes. The author has jotted down how a well respected political party with class and value downgraded in materialistic lure. The best part of the article is that the reader can feel the sympathetic transition of a political group which once was a ray of hope. The ebb and flow of democracy, human idealism, social desperation, racial tension all can be seen in the reading. The power machine has taken the advantage of the political party and the author establishes that the right wing was not in the proper direction. As per ( Kimball,2004) â€Å"Mr. Lapham subtended the rubric â€Å"a brief history† to the title of his 7500-word jeremiad; â€Å"a desperate fantasy† would have been more accurate†. The author has a point to make here which is the reluctance to keep trust on parties that is the either wing

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21st Century Technology in Today's Classroom - Essay Example context, which includes â€Å"the institutional objectives of the e-learning program, the role and skills of any instructor, longevity of the resources, and cultural sensitivities†; and influence, which means how the e-learning design will influence the learner, the learning community, and the environment in which the learning is taking place (Brown & Voltz, 2005, pp. 4-7). Article 2 Abstract: Teacher’s conception of e-learning and e-teaching is also crucial. Teacher’s like e-learning because it excites their students, and provides a way for lectures to become more interesting. Moreover, students have a way of exploring their tacit knowledge, and learn more about co-operative learning and how to behave in social situations. Teachers also like e-learning because it gives them a way to give students extra information, outside the lecture and it also gives the teacher a way to give information to the masses. On the other hand, for some cultures, self-study is difficult. For instance, for a Chinese student, who still expects the teacher to provide information through the lectures, self-study through e-learning is difficult. Therefore, there needs to be ways to overcome these challenges (McConnell & Zhao, 2006). Article 3 Abstract: This article talks about cultural differences, which could prove a challenge to the e-learning community. Different cultures share knowledge in different ways. Some cultures are individualistic, which means that these cultures put personal goals in front of group goals; collectivistic cultures are the opposite. The individualistic cultures see information independent of context, while the collectivistic cultures need contextual cues and disregard information in writing. Anther difference in culture includes in-group and out-group orientation. Cultures which are out-group orientated do not have a problem sharing information outside their group; in-group orientated cultures do. Some cultures have a strong fear of losing