Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work Assignment

Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work - Assignment Example Separated & Cooperative System This system is one of the most widely used system where each party of the project namely client, designer and contractor are different and work separately. In this system each party completes it work and then project is transferred to next sequential predecessor. The system initiates with a feasibility study then detail design, tendering, contracting for construction along with construction supervision. The main advantages include the fact that it is one of the most practiced systems that’s why there are lesser problems encountered and general protocol procedure have been developed and well versed in case of problem. Another advantage of the system is that every aspect is done by an expert, hence every drawing, design and detail is developed to its maximum. Hence this produces a high quality of work done. The figure below shows each process that exists in a traditional procurement system. The disadvantage is that the system requires a lot of input and attention of the client, as his involvement in each step is detrimental. In addition due to the sequential nature of the system, extra time is required and wasted while transition from one step to another, as qualification and bids invitation for each party has to done for each step. Hence a variation is made in the systems processes which are now called as accelerated system, where feasibility, detail design, tender documentation and construction supervision, all the three works are given to single consultant. The whole construction process is assigned to single contractor, who selected from a prequalified contractors list. As a quantity surveyor I believe the system is well established and all system bugs have been eliminated. This system has better cost control as the client has to pay and perform the whole project piece by piece. But the time consumed is more hence the cost increase with time due to price escalation s. In my understanding, the system can be improved if the strong effective timeline of the project is created in the planning phase which will highlight the key dates of transition of different phases and review the whole timeline for free floats and critical activities to optimize the time allocation. An accurate time allocation can be only done if the correct quantity of work is known. 2. Integrated Procurement System The reason for creation of this system was to eliminate the disadvantage of the traditional procurement system. Rather than having several parties engaged in single project, in integrated procurement system the complete project is assigned to one firm that means the firm has to design as well as construct the project. The â€Å"Design & Build† system is comes under this procurement system. The starting process of this system is that a client gives an invitation to EPC (Engineering procurement construction) firms for a project and then these firms submit the te chnical and financial proposal for both design and construction. In addition the contractor along with consent of the client generally come into contractual bidding of completion of project with a certain agreed duration and in a negotiated price normally lump sum. There are some modification made to the integrated procurement systems which have resulted into newer and efficient systems for both the client and the contractor. The first among which is the â€Å"Turn key† project type. In this system the client will be handed over the keys

Indian Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Indian Women - Essay Example Studying on Indian women (1) means to study the variety of women oriented cultures and values that the Indian women are distinguished for. There is not only one typical cultural aspect associated with the term, "Indian Woman", but there are rather diverse cultures and values that have become the ethos of the varied types of womanhood found in the country. The Indian woman can be classified into various categories such as a mother, a sister, a daughter, a wife and even in the professional sector as a working lady and a housewife. All of these diversities are maintained in a streamlined manner and as India is a vast as a country, similarly, the cultures also vary. There are places where patriarchal society exists and there are also certain areas, such as some parts of Kerala, where there exists matriarchal society. Patriarchal society is one which is dominated by the male members of the family whereas the matriarchal society is dominated by the female counterparts. The role of the wome n in both the societies has lots of differences and this adds to the variety of the cultural diversities of the women in India. But keeping apart all the above said things it can be said with great certainty that whatever diverse forms the Indian woman may have but there is one national culture which is almost the same and found throughout the country. It has been the concern of many thinkers that the Indian woman not only devotes her precious time in the performance of the regular domestic chores but rather succumbs to the egoistic pleasures of her master and even for her own pride (2). It is now high time that our womankind should be freed from this barbaric act of forcing them to give up all their time in the kitchen. There has been certain revolutionary change that has taken place in the recent times and one of them is that of the growing status of the women. It is for the contribution of many factors that such a revolution has taken place freeing the modern woman from the fetters of the worn-out traditions, ignorance and prejudice. Talking about the culture, along with the growth of the British system in the 19th century, a varied cultural change could be felt. Towards the end of the decade, the change in the culture of India had taken a strong grip in the urban cities like Bombay, Chennai, Calcutta etc, and the world of restr icted domestic life and the most intimate relationships became subjects of public issues and topics of debates. India's (3) culture is implanted in values and virtues so deeply that even the British colonialism couldn't move even a single piece of it during their reign of change. But today, India is going through a change which is no less awkward. The change, however, is being determined by all such things: education, opportunity and development. My Interviewee, Sheetal, has been staying in India and she has two children. She stays in a joint family system where all the members of a family stay under a single roof and share everything within them. They follow the rules of a Hindu joint family. According to her in the joint family system, the head of the family deals with all the problems of the house that comes up and thus nothing goes out of the house to become a public issue. This has been found embedded in the Indian